BOLIVIA 
83 
Bolivia, are a rather warlike race and have 
maintained their tribal laws, the control of 
their lands and customs, independent of all at 
tempts to subjugate them. In fact, the Boliv 
ians stand in awe of them. There are about 
500,000 “cholos,” the native term for half- 
castes or mixed breeds, 250,000 whites of 
Spanish descent and perhaps 10,000 foreign 
ers,—that is Americans and Europeans en 
gaged in business. 
Bolivia has been the scene of a remarkable 
railway development encouraged by the gov 
ernment. There are to-day about 900 miles 
of road in actual operation, about 400 miles 
in the process of construction and nearly 2,500 
miles, plans and estimates for the completion 
of which are under consideration. 
These railways maintain three arteries of 
commerce with the Pacific coast from the in 
terior, and reach the ocean via Lake Titicaca 
at Mollendo, Peru; at Antofagasta, and also 
at Arica in Chile, the last named being the 
shortest and most direct route from the coast 
to the capital at La Paz, a distance of 274